Sorry there is no way to rename nextcloud username/account at the time of the writing (20.0.6).
I once needed to fix a typo I made in Nextcloud username and ran into this sad fact.
However after some digging I found that one could create a new account and then transfer files / data from old account to the new one -> which worked for me.
Keep in mind this approach does not transfer apps and settings, just files.
Create a new user
Create a new user with newusername that you want to change your oldusername to.
You can do this in nextcloud web gui.
Transfer files
I tend to use containers for everything, so to execute following command I do need to jump into docker container:
docker exec -it nextcloud bash
Transfer files using occ command:
root@d1919d573698:/data# occ files:transfer-ownership oldusername newusername
Validating quota
Analysing files of oldusername ... 16404 [============================]
Collecting all share information for files and folders of oldusername ...
0 [------------->--------------]
Transferring files to newusername/
files/transferred from oldusername on 2021-01-01 19-37-47 ...
Restoring shares ...
0 [>---------------------------]
Voila.